Prevalence of schistosomiasis among patients attending qena general hospital over the years 2011 and 2012

Schistosomiasis is a public health problem in Egypt. To detect the prevalence of schistosomiasis in Qena Governorate, 1601 urine and stool samples of patients attending Qena General Hospital were examined of whom 1601 patients had urinary symptoms and 893 patients had dysentery and bloody stool. Sheets were filled out on each patient. Also, a total of 7590 Bulinus truncatus and Biomphalaria alexandrina snails were collected from water bodies in Qena Governorate. The overall prevalence of S. haematobium was 13.9%; with maximum among 6-18 year-old age group and higher in males than in females. Risk factors for S. haematobium infection were this age group; particularly males. However, males swim and play in water bodies and women wash cloths and utensils there, and children swimming or playing in canals. The S. haematobium peak of infection was in winter correlated with the highest prevalence in Dandara City, Qena City, Awlad-Amr and El Hijarat. S. mansoni were negative in the examined individuals. The infective rate among snails was 1.82% in B. truncatus and 0.0% among B. alexandrina and M. tuberculata

Value of preoperative axillary ultrasonography as a useful guide to sentinel LN biopsy in clinically node negative with large sized breast carcinoma

Breast carcinoma is most'y diagnosed beyond stage I in Egyptian patients. Here, we evakiate the use of preoperative ultrasonography to predict axillary lymph nodes involvement. We speculate that preoperative ultrasonographic evaluation may be of paramount importance in the era of sentinel node biopsy. Consecutive 110 clinically node-negative breast carcinomas were ultrasonographically examined for axillary nodes using 10 MHz linear transducer The images were recorded for analysis. Descriptive statistics of morphologic features of the examined lymph node in relation to final pathology were performed. Mean age was 47.5 years. Axillary lymph nodes were pathologically invaded in 80 patients [72.7%] with an average infiltration of 4.2 nodes per axilla. Compared to pathologic find ings, gray sca'e ultrasonography was highly significant in differentiating malignant from benign tumors [p<0.001], Gray sca'e examination had a sensitivity for detecting nodal metastases of 85.0%, specificity of 63.3% and overall accuracy of 79.1%. Surgeon-performed axillary ultrasonography is a helpful adjunct to clinical examination to improve preoperative staging in clinically node negative breast cancer especially in larger-sized tumors. However if sonography is negative sentinel node biopsy should be done due to considerable percentage of false negative results

Fetal nuchal translucency ultrasound screening for Down syndrome during the first trimester of pregnancy

Down syndrome is the commonest cause of severe mental retardation in children. First trimester screening for nuchal translucency ultrasonographically was performed on 1552 women with singleton pregnancies at 10-14 weeks of gestation. The age of women ranged from 16-43 years. The results showed nine cases with increased thickness of nuchal skin >3 mm with a percentage of [0.58%] of total cases. Seven of these nine cases had abnormal chromosomes by karyotyping [77.78%]. Five cases from the seven cases with abnormal chromosomes had trisomy 21 [Down syndrome] which was [71.4%]. Two women of those who had increased nuchal translucency were euploid. Down syndrome is an age-related disorder. Combination of nuchal translucency ultrasound screening with serum screening is recommended for early diagnosis of Down syndrome in the first trimester of pregnancy

Oxidative reaction between perphenazine and peroxyacetic acid [Part 1. Kinetic study]

The oxidation of perphenazine to perphenazine sulphoxide by peroxyacetic acid was kinetically studied utilizing first derivative UV-spectrophotometry and a simple iodometric procedure. The first-derivative UV-spectrophotometric procedure indicates that the reaction with respect to perphenazine is most probably zero-orer at the initial stage with a rate constant [k0] of magnitude 5.62x10-8 mol L-1S-1. Based on the titrimetric procedure in which 0.01 N Na2S2O3 was employed the reaction with respect to peroxyacetic acid is most probably second order initially having a rate constant [k2] equal to 0.05805 L mol-1 S-1. the disparity between the orders with respect to concentration [i.e.nc] and time [i.e.n1] for peroxyacetic acid was highlighted